Sagacitas

Sharp technologies for a sustainable future

Are zero point fluctuations real?

A video (se References) from the Physical Measurement Laboratory's Office of Information (NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology) show measurement of Zero-Point fluctuations.

An aluminum drum can be used to measure vacuum ("zero-point") quantum fluctuations resulting from the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. The measurement system is composed of three elements: a superconducting qubit, a drumhead mechanical resonator, and an inductor coil. The oscillating drumhead and inductive coil form a resonant circuit; as the drumhead flexes, it changes the resonant frequency of this circuit. The resonator is electromagnetically coupled to the qubit and can exchange photons. A measurement of the qubit state determines the number of photons in the resonator.

The system, which fits on a microchip, comprises three elements: the drumhead mechanical resonator; an attached inductor coil (which, combined with the drum element, functions as a microwave "cavity"–a structure that electrically resonates at about 10 GHz); and an electrically coupled "artificial atom" made from a superconducting Josephson junction (a tiny metal-insulator-metal sandwich).

With the drum in its ground state, the drum must have these quantum fluctuations, meaning it's still moving somehow, randomly changing its position and momentum. But, if you try to 'see' this energy directly, you just get nothing. You can never transfer real energy out of the 'vacuum fluctuations'.