Step 1. ZPE

Pioneering research in quantum field theory around 50 years ago proposed that the universe may be trapped in a false vacuum (FV) meaning it appears stable (A) but in fact could be on the verge of transitioning (B) to an even more stable (C), true vacuum state (TV). The transition from the false to the true vacuum can occur via quantum tunneling, a process allowed by quantum mechanics where a system can "tunnel" through an energy barrier instead of going over it.

A small region of space undergoes a quantum fluctuation. These quantum fluctuations create what physicists call a "sea of virtual particles" that continuously appear and disappear in the vacuum and may spontaneously tunnel into the true vacuum state. The tunneling creates a bubble of true vacuum in the surrounding false vacuum. If the bubble is larger than a critical radius, the energy gained from converting false vacuum to true vacuum outweighs the energy cost of the bubble's surface tension. The bubble then grows at nearly the speed of light, converting all the surrounding false vacuum into true vacuum as it expands.

Dr Rossi has come up with a way to produce bubbles of true vacuum which he can control so that energy can be excerted from the vacuum. It is these bubbles of true vacuum that we call Exotic Vacuum Objects (EVO).